家庭暴力对子女抚养权归属影响探究——以美国相关制度为借鉴The Influence of Domestic Violence on the Attribution of Child Custody——Taking the United States as a Reference
苏云云
摘要(Abstract)：
涉及家庭暴力的离婚案件日益增加,而家庭暴力在我国子女抚养权归属的立法中不具有明确的地位,家庭暴力是否和如何影响子女抚养权归属的问题亟需得到解决。在家庭暴力对子女抚养权归属影响的问题上,美国的立法和司法实践相对成熟,而且学者对于二者之间关系的研究更为深入。通过对美国相关制度和理论的研究和借鉴,可以为我国相关立法的完善和司法实务的科学化提供理论依据和有益的建议。
关键词(KeyWords)： 家庭暴力;子女抚养权归属;可推翻性假定;家庭暴力分类说
基金项目(Foundation):
作者(Author): 苏云云
参考文献(References)：
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- (1)本文所分析案例皆选自中国裁判文书网,关键词为“离婚”“家庭暴力”“判决书”“抚养权”“北京”“2016”“2017”。
- (1)可参阅北京市第三中级人民法院(2016)京03民终3966号民事判决书。
- (2)目睹家庭暴力是指看见或直接听闻家庭暴力。参见:高凤仙.家庭暴力防治法规专论[M].台北:五南图书出版股份有限公司,2015:373.
- (3)Cal. Fam. Code§3020(West).
- (4)Mich. Comp. Laws Ann.§722.23(West).
- (5)§4:3.Statutory criteria, Child Custody Prac.&Proc.§4:3(West).
- (6)Alaska Stat. Ann.§25.24.150(West).
- (1)Fla. Stat. Ann.§61.13(West).
- (2)Wyo. Stat. Ann.§20-2-112(West).
- (3)N.D. Cent. Code Ann.§14-09-06.2(West).
- (4)Del. Code Ann. tit. 13,§705A(West).
- (5)La. Stat. Ann.§9:364(West).
- (6)Ariz. Rev. Stat. Ann.§25-403(West).
- (1)许多州提及如何在父母之间分配监护权和居留权的协议时,通常使用“抚养计划”一词。§1:1.Introduction,Child Custody Prac.&Proc.§1:1(West).
- (2)如果父母双方能够达成子女养育计划协议,法官很可能会批准。父母双方和法官签字并在法院存档后,协议成为法院命令。详见:http://www.courtinfo.ca.gov/selfhelp/.
- (1)如《最高人民法院关于人民法院审理离婚案件处理子女抚养问题的若干具体意见》第4条,将隔代照顾作为抚养权归属的优先条件。
- (2)2016《中华人民共和国反家庭暴力法》第33条规定,加害人实施家庭暴力,构成违反治安管理行为的,依法给予治安管理处罚;构成犯罪的,依法追究刑事责任。
- (3)Cal. Gov’t Code§68555(West).